以下是部分关于“文化”的中、英文词汇对照，其中有些也是跨文化交流理论和心理学理论中的概念。罗列于此，谨供参考。

• cultural 文化的
• cultural adaptation 文化适应
• cultural adhesion 文化信奉
• cultural advantage 文化优势
• cultural anthropology 文化人类学
• cultural artifact 文化产品
• cultural assimilation 文化训练
• cultural assimilator 同化训练
• cultural attitude 文化态度
• cultural changes 文化变化
• cultural conditioning 文化条件作用
• cultural configuration 文化全貌
• cultural conflict 文化冲突
• cultural conserve 文化固定性
• cultural context 文化环境
• cultural convergence 文化汇合
• cultural cycle 文化轮回
• cultural deprivation 文化剥夺
• cultural determinism 文化决定论
• cultural difference 文化差异
• cultural diffusion 文化传播
• cultural disadvantage 文化劣势
• cultural drift 文化趋势
• cultural drift hypothesis 文化流布假设
• cultural ecology 文化生态学
• cultural education 文化教育
• cultural emic concept 文化特有概念
• cultural ethos 文化气质
• cultural etic concept 文化共同概念
• cultural evolution 文化演变
• cultural focus 文化焦点
• cultural framework 文化构架
• cultural gradient 文化渐进度
• cultural growth 文化生产
• cultural identity 文化认同
• cultural inertia 文化惰性
• cultural integration 文化整合
• cultural island 文化孤岛
• cultural lag 文化落后
• cultural norm 文化常模
• cultural norm 文化规范
• cultural parallelism 文化并行论
• cultural pattern 文化模式
• cultural process 文化作用
• cultural psychiatry 文化精神病学
• cultural relativism 文化相对论
• cultural resemblance 文化类似
• cultural science psychology 社会科学心理学
• cultural sociology 文化社会学
• cultural speech 文化言语
• cultural supersystem 文化超系统
• cultural test bias 文化测验偏差
• cultural traits 文化特质
• cultural transmission 文化传递
• cultural tyranny 文化专制主义
• culturally deprived children 文化剥夺儿童
• culturally disadvantaged children 文化处境不利儿童
• cultural historical psychology 文化历史心理学
• culture 文化
• culture absolutism 文化绝对论
• culture anthropology 文化人类学
• culture assimilation 文化同化
• culture base 文化基础
• culture bias 文化性偏颇
• culture complex 文化情结
• culture conflict 文化冲突
• culture contact 文化接触
• culture deprivation 文化匮乏
• culture deprived children 文化剥夺儿童
• culture element 文化要素
• Culture Fair Intelligence Test 超文化智力测验
• culture fair test 文化公平测验
• culture pedagogy 文化教育学
• culture set 文化定势
• culture shock 文化冲击
• culture threshold 文化阈限
• culture trait 文化特质
• culture type 文化形态
• culture bound 文化束缚
• culture bound syndrome 文化束缚综合症
• culture epoch theory 文化期说
• culture fair test 通文化测验
• culture fair test 文化平等测验
• culture free test 超文化测验
• culture free test 各文化通用测验
• culturism 文化主义
• culturist 文化主义者

German culture is actually something new to me and it naturally becomes a focus these days since I am in the country. Besides fascinated by Dresden’s Baroque architecture, I started to search for references in respect to German business culture etiquettes. Here come the results:

Business Etikette in Deutschland. Mind your Manners is a book that is written “to help the business professional or student prepare for an assignment in Germany”. The book tells you about the german business culture and is said to be “Your Compact Guide to Doing Business in Germany”

What behavior are expected in Germany, a country where the people are known for their guttural language, their obsession with “Ordnung”, their square-jawed seriousness, and other habits and sensitivities?

And, here is an more detailed introduction to the book.

A recent survey by the Chinese University of Hong Kong shows that the United States is still at the top position when Chinese students choose their destinations for study abroad. France ranks the second in the report, overtaking the U.K. who has been in the second position for many years.

According to the report, the survey was conducted between March and April, 2007 in 7 cities among 13,000 students who are going to graduate in July this year. It appears that part of the purpose of the survey is to find out how students in the mainland would view Hong Kong as one of their destinations for study outside the Chinese mainland. The result is that Hong Kong is actually in the 10th position. More detailed ranking is as follows:

1. the United States 17.7%
2. France 12.4%
3. the U.K. 11.2%
4. Canada 8.6%
5. Australia 8.0%
6. Singapore 6.7%
7. Japan 6.7%
8. South Korea 6.3%
9. Germany 5.8%
10. Hong Kong S.A.R. 3.8%

In respect to subject areas, the survey reveals that Economics and Management goes to the top, taking 24.4% in the survey, while Social Sciences taking 10.1% and Computer Science and Software Engineering taking 9.9%.

Given the fact that in the following 5 years, there are going to be about 10 million students looking for a seat in higher education each year, more and more graduates from secondary education would be forced to explore other options, since the capacity of higher education provision is limited and only half of the applicants can have the opportunity. The significance of the survey is that it provides with us some indications with regard to geographic preferences when people making their choices of study abroad.

According to statistics released in May 2006 by the Ministry of Civil Affairs of China (MCA), by the end of 2005 there are totally 320,000 social organizations in China, marks an increase of 10.7% when compared with the previous year.

It is reported that the areas that the organizations cover include education and culture, science and technology, health and sports, environmental protection and agricultural development, charity and community development. But how many organizations are working in each of these areas is not available in the statistics. However, in an earlier unpublished research paper (in mid-2005) by an university it is reported that there are 44.63% on social services, 42.5% on research and survey, 39.9% are trade associations, 34.62% on culture and arts, 24.5 on legal aid, 21.8% on development and policy consulting, and 20.9% on poverty alleviation¹. It is interesting to notice that many of the organization involving themselves in education.

By the same statistics from MCA, among the overall 320,000 organizations, there are 171,000 non-government organizations (people’s organization); 148,000 “privately-owned non-enterprise institutions”², and 975 foundations. And, there are more than 1,600 organizations working at the national level or in the cross-provinces pattern, more than 20,000 working within certain provinces, i.e. at the provincial level, and over 50,000 organizations at county level. Among all the organizations, there are more than 50,000 Professional organizations, over 40,000 academic associations, around 53,000 trade association, and more than 23,000 federations.

1. The figure does not add up as 100%, since some organizations are active in several areas.
2. A category when you register with the registration authority.

Cross-cultural communication (also frequently referred to as intercultural communication) is a field of study that looks at how people from differing cultural backgrounds endeavour to communicate. Cross-cultural communication tries to bring together such relatively unrelated areas as cultural anthropology and established areas of communication. Its core is to establish and understand how people from different cultures communicate with each other. Its charge is to also produce some guidelines with which people from different cultures can better communicate with each other.

The main theories for cross-cultural communication are based on the work done looking at value differences (or Cultural dimensions) among cultures, especially the works of Edward T. Hall, Geert Hofstede, Harry C. Triandis, Fons Trompenaars and more recently Shalom Schwartz. Clifford Geertz was also a major contributor to this field. The first Ph.D. called intercultural communication was awarded to William J. Starosta (Indiana University, 1973).

These theories have been applied to a variety of different communication theories and settings, most notably general business and management (Fons Trompenaars and Charles Hampden-Turner ) and marketing (Marieke de Mooij, Stephan Dahl). There have also been several successful educational projects which concentrate on the practical applications of these theories in cross-cultural situations. Notably the European-funded research project media-net-works which illustrates ways in which virtual communities can be established to achieve an understanding of how people from different cultures communicate with each other.

Source: en.wikipedia.org

[ intercultural ] Any time  This definition of [ intercultural ] is from Google.